ORGANIZING

FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIZING

Objectives

An understanding of the organizing function
An appreciation for the complexities of determining appropriate organizational structure
Insights into the advantages and disadvantages of division of labor
A working knowledge of the relationship between division of labor and coordination
An understanding of span of management and the factors that influence its appropriateness
An understanding of scalar relationships

Fayol’s Guidelines
1. Judiciously prepare and execute the operating plan
2. Organize the human and material facets
3. Establish a single competent, energetic guiding authority
4. Coordinate all activities and efforts
5. Formulate clear, distinct, and precise decisions
6. Arrange for efficient selection
7. Define duties
8. Encourage initiative and responsibility
9. Offer fair and suitable rewards for services rendered
10. Make use of sanctions against faults and errors
11. Maintain discipline
12. Ensure that individual interests are consistent
13. Recognize the unity of command
14. Promote both material and human coordination
15. Institute and effect controls
16. Avoid regulations, red tape, and paperwork


The Importance of Organizing
Typical responsibilities would include developing:
1. Reorganization plans for effective and efficient systems
2. Plans to improve managerial skills
3. An advantageous organizational climate


The Organizing Process
1. Reflect on plans and objectives
2. Establish major tasks
3. Divide major tasks into subtasks
4. Allocate resources and directives
5. Evaluate results
The Organizing Subsystem
Enhance goal attainment



Weber’s Bureaucratic Model

Structure
Authority and Responsibility
Structure and Gender
Formal and Informal Structure
Departmentalization and Formal Structure: A Contingency Viewpoint




Structure (con’t)

Functional Departmentalization
Product Departmentalization
Geographic Departmentalization
Customer Departmentalization
Manufacturing Process Departmentalization
Forces Influencing Formal Structure
1. Manager
2. Task
3. Environment
4. Subordinates




Division of Labor

Advantages and Disadvantages of Division of Labor
Division of Labor and Coordination
Follett’s Guidelines on Coordination



Span of Management

Designing Span of Management: A Contingency Viewpoint
Similarity of functions
Geographic continuity
Complexity of functions
Coordination
Planning



Span of Management (con’t)

Height of Organization Chart
Tall chart: Greater height - Smaller span
Flat chart: Lower height - Greater span



Scalar Relationships

Unity of command
Fayol’s Guidelines on Chain of Command
Gangplank